Token

1. Exchanging grants for tokens

Clients obtain identity and access tokens from the token endpoint in exchange for an OAuth 2.0 grant. The grant is a recognised credential that represents an authorisation to access the requested protected resource or web API.

The token endpoint of the Connect2id server accepts the following grant types:

Authorisation code – the code obtained from the authorisation endpoint which the server uses to look up the granted permission or consent.
Resource owner password credentials – the client obtains the end-user username and password and passes them to the token endpoint; use of this grant should be limited to highly-trusted clients or devices.
Client credentials – the client ID and secret obtained from [client-registration]; this grant is intended for clients acting on their own behalf.
Refresh token – a special token which can be used to retrieve a new ID / refresh token.

The implicit grant (or flow) is the only one which doesn’t involve the token endpoint; with it the requested ID / access tokens are returned straight from the authorisation endpoint.

2. The token endpoint URL

The token endpoint URL can be obtained from the server discovery endpoint:

https://[base-server-url]/token

3. Clients must authenticate

Clients must authenticate to the server with their client_id and client_secret credentials obtained at registration in order to make a token request.

Client secret basic is the default authentication method.

Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW

Clients may register to use an alternative authentication method, such as client secret POST or client secret JWT.

4. Web API overview

Resources
/token [POST]
Representations	Errors
Token response Token error	400 Bad Request 401 Unauthorized 500 Internal Server Error

4. Resources

4.1 /token

4.1.1 POST

Requests an identity / access / refresh token.

Header parameters:

[ Authorization ] The client authentication credentials, encoded using the registered method, such as HTTP basic authentication.
Content-Type Must be set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

Body:

The request parameters for the appropriate OAuth 2.0 grant type:
- Authorisation code grant:
  - grant_type Must be set to authorization_code.
  - code The code received with the authentication response.
  - redirect_uri The value of the redirect_uri parameter included in the authentication request.
- Password grant:
  - grant_type Must be set to password.
  - username The resource owner username.
  - password The resource owner password.
  - [ scope ] Optional requested scope values for the access token.
- Client credentials grant:
  - grant_type Must be set to client_credentials.
  - [ scope ] Optional requested scope values for the access token.
- Refresh token grant:
  - grant_type Must be set to refresh_token.
  - refresh_token The refresh token issued to the client.
  - [ scope ] Optional requested scope values for the new access token. Must not include any scope values not originally granted by the resource owner, and if omitted is treated as equal to the originally granted scope.

Success:

Code: 200
Content-Type: application/json
Body: {object} The token response.

Errors:

400 Bad Request with a [token error code].
401 Unauthorised with a [token error code].
500 Internal Server Error

Example token request with a code grant:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: c2id.com
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=authorization_code&code=SplxlOBeZQQYbYS6WxSbIA
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcb

Example token request with a password grant:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: c2id.com
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=password&username=alice&password=secret

Example token request with a client credentials grant:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: c2id.com
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=client_credentials

Example response with an access and ID token:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache

{
  "access_token" : "2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA",
  "token_type"   : "bearer",
  "expires_in"   : 3600,
  "scope"        : "openid email profile app:read app:write",
  "id_token"     : "eyJraWQiOiIxZTlnZGs3IiwiYWxnIjoiUl..."
}

5. Representations

5.1 Token response

JSON object with members (see section 5.1 of the OAuth 2.0 standard for more information):

access_token The access token issued by the server.
token_type Set to bearer.
expires_in The lifetime of the access token, in seconds.
[ id_token ] Optional identity token, issued for the code and password grants. Not provided for client credentials grants.
[ refresh_token ] Optional refresh token, which can be used to obtain new access tokens. Issued only for long-lived authorisations that permit it.
scope The scope of the access token.

Example token response with an access and ID token:

{
  "access_token" : "2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA",
  "token_type"   : "bearer",
  "expires_in"   : 3600,
  "scope"        : "openid email profile app:read app:write",
  "id_token"     : "eyJraWQiOiIxZTlnZGs3IiwiYWxnIjoiUl..."
}

5.2 Token error

JSON object with members:

error An error code which can take on of the following values:
- invalid_request The request is missing a required parameter, includes an unsupported parameter value (other than grant type), repeats a parameter, or is otherwise malformed.
- invalid_client Client authentication failed, due to missing or invalid client credentials.
- invalid_grant The provided OAuth 2.0 grant is invalid, expired or has been revoked. May also indicate the redirect_uri parameter doesn’t match (for a code grant).
- unauthorized_client The client is successfully authenticated, but it’s not registered to use the submitted grant type.
- unsupported_grant_type The grant type is not supported by the server.
- invalid_scope The requested scope is invalid, unknown, malformed, or exceeds the scope granted by the resource owner.
[ error_description ] Optional text providing additional information about the error that occurred.
[ error_uri ] Optional URI for a web page with information about the error that occurred.

Example token error:

{
  "error" : "invalid_request"
}

Example token error with additional information:

{
  "error"             : "invalid_request"
  "error_description" : "Missing required grant type parameters"
}

6. Errors

400 Bad Request

Invalid or denied request, see token error codes for more information.

Example:

HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "error"             : "invalid_grant",
  "error_description" : "Bad request: Invalid or expired authorization code"
}

401 Unauthorized

The request was denied due to an invalid or missing client authentication, see token error codes for more information.

Example:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "error"             : "invalid_client",
  "error_description" : "Missing client authentication"
}

500 Internal Server Error

An internal server error has occurred. Check the Connect2id server logs for details.

Example:

HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error